Última alteração: 2021-02-25
Resumo
O presente resumo versa sobre os avanços metodológicos preliminares obtidos durante a vigência do projeto de iniciação científica e o ‘estado-da-arte’ da fitorremediação de metais pesados por espécies pertencentes ao gênero Brassica. Durante os meses iniciais de vigência da bolsa [ago/2019 a jan/2020] foram realizados testes preliminares com semeadura realizada em papel germinativo e em fibra-de-coco, ambos com posterior acompanhamento do crescimento de plântulas de Brassica napus L. (colza). Aos sete dias após a semeadura foram realizadas análises de crescimento [número de folhas, diâmetro do colo, altura da parte aérea, comprimento de caule, massa de matéria fresca das partes aéreas (shoots) e das raízes (roots)] e análises da atividade enzimática da catalase em plântulas expostas a diferentes dosagens do metal pesado cádmio, Cd (0,0; 0,5; 1,0 nM). contudo, os dados obtidos não atenderam as pressuposições estatísticas. Devido a pandemia do novo coronavírus (COVID-19) e a consequente inviabilização da execução experimental presencial nos laboratórios da Universidade Federal de São Carlos, campus Lagoa do Sino (Buri/SP), nossa equipe de pesquisa optou por iniciar a redação de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o assunto ‘fitorremediação de metais pesados por Brassica spp.,’ a partir de levantamento bibliográfico, leitura e interpretação das publicações e documentos mais recentes em relação ao assunto. A intensificação de atividades antropogênicas relacionadas a industrialização e agricultura acentuou a poluição ambiental por metais pesados, como o Cd, zinco (Zn), arsênio (As), chumbo (Pb), mercúrio (Hg) e cromo (Cr). A literatura reporta diferentes técnicas utilizadas para a descontaminação de solos, por exemplo, a fitorremediação, que se apresenta como uma alternativa sustentável, realizada ‘in situ’, em que se utiliza processos fisiológicos vegetais como a fitovolatilização [absorção e volatilização de metais pesados pelas plantas], fitoestabilização [habilidade em concentrar metais pesados na região radicular dos vegetais] e a fitoextração [reportada como a técnica mais importante para a fitorremediação, uma vez que os metais pesados são absorvidos e acumulados na parte radicular e aérea das plantas]. Muitas espécies vegetais são eficazes na fitorremediação de metais pesados, como plantas do gênero Brassica, considerado o mais importante da família botânica Brassicaceae, essencialmente por apresentar espécies de interesse agronômico, por exemplo, a Brassica oleraceae var. botritys (couve-flor), B. oleraceae var. capitata (repolho) e B. rapa subsp. rapa (nabo) e B. juncea (mostarda-marrom). A literatura indica que Brassica spp. apresentam características favoráveis para sua utilização na técnica de fitorremediação. As espécies deste gênero, como a colza e a mostarda-marrom, secretam ácidos orgânicos (ácido cítrico) e de quelantes (metalotioneínas, glutationa e fitoquelatinas) que auxiliam na absorção e atenuação dos efeitos de metais pesados como Zn, Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni e U no metabolismo vegetal. Portanto, Brassicas spp. se apresentam como espécies potencialmente fitorremediadoras de metais pesados.
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Referências
REFERÊNCIAS - RELATÓRIO FINAL
Informamos que não houve o uso de citações no presente resumo, contudo segue abaixo a lista de referências do Relatório Final de Atividades, uma vez que nosso resumo foi redigido a partir do referido Relatório.
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