Última alteração: 2021-03-18
Resumo
Recentemente, a contaminação do solo por metais pesados tornou-se um problema ambiental mundial, agravado pelo aumento de atividades antrópicas, o que acarretou progressivo nível de metais pesados no solo. O acúmulo de metais pesados, por exemplo o cádmio (Cd), torna-se cada vez mais frequente e preocupante, pois este é altamente tóxico no sistema solo-planta-atmosfera. A descontaminação de metais pesados do solo pode ser realizada através da fitorremediação, uma estratégia promissora para “limpar o solo” com o uso de vegetais. Para a aplicabilidade da fitorremediação, a escolha da planta adequada deverá levar em conta a espécie vegetal que possua crescimento rápido, elevado acúmulo de biomassa e raízes profundas. Espécies vegetais pertencentes à família botânica Brassicaceae, especificamente pertencentes ao gênero botânico Brassica, são descritas na literatura com potencial fitorremediador. As espécies Brassica rapa L. (nabo) e Brassica napus L. (canola) podem tolerar o excesso de Cd a partir do aumento da atividade enzimática, acúmulo de aminoácidos totais, produção de osmoprotetores, quelatização de metais e compartimentação de Cd nas partes biologicamente inativas das plantas, tais como a parede celular e o vacúolo. Embora a literatura indique que as ‘brássicas’ possam acumular e tolerar o excesso de Cd em suas partes aéreas, o crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas poderá sofrer reduções e efeitos adversos. Desta forma, a adoção de metodologias sustentáveis para contornar a fitotoxicidade, por exemplo, o uso de fitorreguladores, torna-se uma interessante estratégia em estimular a absorção de poluentes e sua tolerância pelo vegetal. Entre os fitorreguladores, amplamente estudados, a literatura reporta que os brassinosteroides (BRs) podem aliviar o estresse oxidativo e aumentar o sistema de defesa antioxidante de plantas sob estresse. Nosso experimento preliminar foi realizado em câmara de germinação pertencente ao Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal e Bioquímica, campus Lagoa do Sino. A semeadura foi realizada em bandejas de poliestireno, preenchidas com substrato fibra de coco. Os tratamentos foram compostos por plântulas de Brassica napus L. sem fornecimento de Cd (BN) (testemunha); plântulas de B. rapa sem fornecimento de Cd (BN) (testemunha); plântulas de B. napus e B. rapa com fornecimento de dose tolerada de Cd (0,5 mM); plântulas de B. napus e B. rapa com fornecimento de dose não tolerada de Cd (1,0 mM) e distribuídos em 3 blocos casualizados, totalizando 6 tratamentos com 4 repetições em cada bloco. Entretanto, as medidas restritivas impostas pela pandemia COVID-19 suspenderam as atividades presenciais nos laboratórios e demais dependências físicas da universidade, o que nos impossibilitou em prosseguir com as metodologias experimentais. Durante o período de vigência da bolsa, a discente realizou diversos treinamentos para seu aperfeiçoamento de técnicas laboratoriais, como ‘Métodos Espectrofotométricos para determinação de Enzimas Antioxidantes’ e ‘Solução Nutritiva: uma ferramenta para investigação científica’. Diante disso, nossa equipe de pesquisa optou, durante e após o térmico da vigência de bolsa, seguir com a orientação à discente na elaboração de um artigo de revisão bibliográfica para futura submissão em periódico científico de elevado fator de impacto.
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Referências
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